Vulval Cancer

Key Points

Overview

Vulval cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the vulva, which is the external part of the female reproductive organs. This area includes the labia (lips of the vagina), clitoris, and the opening of the vagina. It is a relatively rare cancer. While the exact cause isn't always clear, it often develops from abnormal skin changes in the vulva. Certain factors, like human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and specific skin conditions, can increase the risk. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue. Depending on the stage, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these may also be used. Regular check-ups are important for early detection.

Signs and Symptoms

• Persistent itching in the vulva
• Pain or soreness in the vulva
• A lump, growth, or wart-like area
• Bleeding not related to periods
• Changes in skin color or texture
• Open sore that doesn't heal
• Burning sensation when urinating

Things That Increase the Risk

• Older age, especially over 65
• HPV infection
• History of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
• Lichen sclerosus (a chronic skin condition)
• Smoking
• Weakened immune system

Diagnosis

• Physical examination of the vulva
• Biopsy of suspicious tissue
• Colposcopy (magnified exam)
• MRI or CT scan to check spread
• PET scan for advanced cases

Treatment & Management

• Surgery to remove cancer (vulvectomy)
• Lymph node removal
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Reconstructive surgery

Prevention

• HPV vaccination
• Regular gynecological check-ups
• Prompt treatment of vulval skin conditions
• Quitting smoking
• Practicing safe sex

Related Diseases

• Cervical cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Anal cancer
• Lichen sclerosus
• Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Vulval Cancer:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Vulval Cancer: