Yellow fever

Key Points

Overview

Yellow fever is a serious infection caused by a virus transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, which are active during the day. This disease is prevalent in specific areas of sub-Saharan Africa, South America (including Trinidad and Tobago), and Central America, but is not found in Europe, Asia, or Australia. While many people experience mild, flu-like symptoms, a small percentage can develop more severe issues. These include yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and internal bleeding, which can be fatal. There is no specific cure for yellow fever, making prevention crucial. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially if you are traveling to an at-risk region.

Signs and Symptoms

• High temperature
• Headache
• Feeling or being sick
• Aches and pains
• Loss of appetite
• General unwell feeling
• Yellowing skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark urine
• Stomach pain
• Bleeding from eyes, nose, mouth, or stomach

Things That Increase the Risk

• Travel to yellow fever endemic regions
• Being bitten by an infected mosquito
• Not being vaccinated against yellow fever
• Working in areas with high mosquito activity

Diagnosis

• Evaluation of symptoms
• Review of recent travel history
• Reporting potential mosquito exposure

Treatment & Management

• No specific cure available
• Painkillers for fever and muscle aches
• Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
• Hospital care for severe symptoms

Prevention

• Get yellow fever vaccination before travel
• Wear long-sleeved clothing and trousers
• Use insect repellent containing DEET
• Keep windows and doors closed
• Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets

Related Diseases

• Dengue Fever
• Malaria
• Zika Virus
• Chikungunya

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Yellow fever: