Threadworms (Pinworms)

Key Points

Overview

Threadworms, also called pinworms, are small, white, thread-like worms that live in the human gut. They are very common, especially among young children, and can spread quickly within households and communities. While they can be unsettling, threadworms are generally harmless and do not cause serious illness. Infection occurs when microscopic threadworm eggs are swallowed. These eggs hatch in the intestines, and adult worms then lay more eggs around the anus, typically at night, causing itching. The eggs can survive on surfaces for up to two weeks, making re-infection common. Treatment usually involves taking a single dose of over-the-counter medicine and following strict hygiene practices for several weeks. It's important to treat all household members to prevent the spread and re-infection.

Signs and Symptoms

• Tiny white worms in poo, resembling pieces of thread
• Worms visible around the anus, especially at night
• Extreme itching around the anus or vagina, particularly at night
• Irritability and waking up during the night
• Weight loss (less common)
• Wetting the bed (less common)
• Irritated skin around the anus

Things That Increase the Risk

• Swallowing threadworm eggs
• Touching contaminated surfaces (e.g., clothes, bedding, toys)
• Not washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet or before eating
• Scratching the anal area and then touching the mouth
• Living in a household with an infected person

Diagnosis

• Visually identifying tiny white worms in poo
• Spotting worms around the anus, especially at night
• Identifying characteristic symptoms like persistent anal itching
• Consulting a pharmacist for advice and treatment

Treatment & Management

• Taking an over-the-counter medicine like mebendazole (chewable tablet or liquid)
• Treating all household members over 2 years old, even without symptoms
• Following strict hygiene measures for 2 weeks (with medicine) or 6 weeks (without medicine)
• Consulting a pharmacist or doctor for children under 2, pregnant, or breastfeeding individuals

Prevention

• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating and after using the toilet
• Keep fingernails short and clean
• Shower every morning to wash away eggs
• Wash sleepwear, sheets, towels, and soft toys at a hot temperature daily for several days
• Disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces regularly
• Vacuum and dust with a damp cloth to remove eggs
• Ensure everyone wears underwear at night and changes it in the morning
• Avoid shaking clothing or bedding to prevent egg dispersal
• Do not share towels or flannels
• Discourage nail biting, thumb sucking, and finger sucking

Related Diseases

• Intestinal Parasites
• Pruritus Ani (Anal Itching)
• Enterobiasis (Pinworm Infection)
• Gastrointestinal Infections

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Threadworms (Pinworms):