Restless Legs Syndrome

Key Points

Overview

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition characterized by an overwhelming urge to move your legs. This urge is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations like tingling, throbbing, or itching deep within the legs. Symptoms typically worsen during periods of rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night. Moving the legs usually provides temporary relief, but the discomfort can significantly disrupt sleep and impact daily life. Some people may also experience symptoms in their arms. While often without a clear cause, RLS is thought to involve iron levels and the brain chemical dopamine. Management focuses on lifestyle changes, treating underlying conditions like iron deficiency, and sometimes medication to control symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms

• Strong, irresistible need to move legs
• Uncomfortable leg feelings (tingling, throbbing, itching)
• Pain in legs
• Symptoms worse at night or when resting
• Temporary relief by moving legs
• Symptoms can also occur in arms

Things That Increase the Risk

• Family history of RLS
• Pregnancy (symptoms often resolve after birth)
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Kidney disease
• Certain medications

Diagnosis

• Doctor evaluation of symptoms and medical history
• Discussion of sleep patterns
• Blood tests to check iron levels
• Review of current medications
• Ruling out other conditions like leg cramps or peripheral neuropathy

Treatment & Management

• Treating underlying conditions (e.g., iron supplements for deficiency)
• Adjusting or changing medications that worsen RLS
• Prescription medicines like pregabalin or gabapentin
• Painkillers such as codeine or tramadol
• Medicines to increase dopamine levels (e.g., ropinirole)
• Medications to help with sleep problems
• Warm baths or heat pads on legs before bed
• Walking, stretching, or massaging legs during symptoms
• Distraction techniques like reading or puzzles
• Talking therapies if RLS affects mental health

Prevention

• Engage in regular daytime exercise
• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Ensure a dark, quiet bedroom environment
• Avoid caffeine after midday
• Limit alcohol intake, especially before bed
• Do not eat large meals or exercise strenuously late at night
• Avoid electronic devices before bedtime
• Stop smoking
• Avoid daytime naps

Related Diseases

• Leg cramps
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Kidney disease

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Restless Legs Syndrome: