Rabies

Key Points

Overview

Rabies is a severe viral infection that primarily affects the brain and spinal cord. It is usually transmitted to humans through the bite or scratch of an infected mammal, such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. While rare in some regions, rabies is common in many parts of the world. Once symptoms develop, the disease is nearly always fatal. However, prompt medical attention and treatment after exposure can effectively prevent the virus from taking hold. Vaccination before travel to high-risk areas and immediate post-exposure treatment are crucial for preventing this life-threatening disease.

Signs and Symptoms

• Numbness or tingling at the bite or scratch site
• Seeing things that are not there (hallucinations)
• Feeling very anxious or energetic
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Inability to move (paralysis)

Things That Increase the Risk

• Being bitten or scratched by an animal while abroad
• An animal licking your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wound while abroad
• Being bitten or scratched by a bat
• Travel to Africa, Central, or South America
• Contact with wild or stray animals

Diagnosis

• Urgent medical assessment after animal exposure
• Review of travel history and animal contact
• Evaluation of the type of animal and exposure

Treatment & Management

• Immediate urgent medical help after animal contact
• Thorough washing of the wound with soap and water
• Multiple doses of the rabies vaccine
• Rabies immunoglobulin (if not previously vaccinated or immune-compromised)
• Follow-up care with a doctor after initial treatment

Prevention

• Rabies vaccination before travel to high-risk areas
• Avoid touching or approaching wild or stray animals
• Do not feed any animals, including in zoos
• Seek urgent medical help immediately after any animal contact
• Wash any animal bites or scratches with soap and water right away

Related Diseases

• Tetanus
• Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Lyme Disease

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Rabies: