Osteomyelitis

Key Points

Overview

Osteomyelitis is a painful infection that affects the bones. It often occurs when bacteria enter a bone, typically through an injury, surgery, or by spreading from another infection in the body. While anyone can get it, people with diabetes, weakened immune systems, or those who have had recent surgery or broken bones are at higher risk. If caught early, osteomyelitis can usually be cured with antibiotics. However, if left untreated, it can lead to severe long-term complications, including permanent bone damage or widespread infection. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent these serious outcomes.

Signs and Symptoms

• Severe bone pain (often in legs)
• Swelling in affected area
• Warmth over the bone
• Redness of skin
• Limping (especially in children)
• High body temperature
• Feeling generally unwell

Things That Increase the Risk

• History of osteomyelitis
• Diabetes, particularly with foot ulcers
• Broken bones
• Open wounds or injuries
• Recent infections
• Recent surgery
• Weakened immune system (e.g., HIV, chemotherapy)
• Children after respiratory infection or chickenpox

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• X-ray, CT scan, or MRI scan
• Bone biopsy (fluid sample from bone)

Treatment & Management

• Antibiotics (4 to 12 weeks)
• Pain relief medication
• Splint to immobilize affected bone
• Surgery to drain pus (abscess)
• Surgery to remove damaged bone (debridement)
• Bone reconstruction after debridement

Prevention

• Proper wound care for injuries
• Careful foot care for diabetics
• Prompt treatment of infections
• Monitor symptoms if at high risk
• Maintain overall health to support immune system

Related Diseases

• Diabetic Foot Ulcer
• Septic Arthritis
• Cellulitis
• Sepsis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Osteomyelitis:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Osteomyelitis: