Osteoarthritis

Key Points

Overview

Commonly affected areas:

Osteoarthritis develops as the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of bones wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling in affected joints. It most commonly affects the hips, knees, hands, and spine, and tends to progress gradually. While there is no cure, a range of treatments — from lifestyle changes to surgery — can effectively manage symptoms and preserve joint function.

Signs and Symptoms

People with this condition may experience:

• Joint pain that worsens with activity
• Stiffness, especially after rest or in the morning
• Swelling around the affected joint
• Reduced range of motion or flexibility
• A grating or crackling sensation when moving the joint
• Bone spurs felt as hard lumps near the joint

Things That Increase the Risk

Factors that raise the likelihood of osteoarthritis include:

• Joint pain that worsens with activity
• Stiffness, especially after rest or in the morning
• Swelling around the affected joint
• Reduced range of motion or flexibility
• A grating or crackling sensation when moving the joint
• Bone spurs felt as hard lumps near the joint

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination of joint movement and tenderness
• X-rays to assess joint space and bone changes
• MRI for detailed soft tissue evaluation
• Blood tests to rule out other types of arthritis
• Joint fluid analysis in select cases

Treatment & Management

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Stay active with low-impact exercise
• Use supportive footwear or walking aids

• Pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory medication
• Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections
• Physiotherapy programs
• Joint replacement surgery for advanced cases

Prevention

While osteoarthritis can't always be prevented, certain habits can lower risk and slow progression.

• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Exercise regularly to strengthen supporting muscles
• Avoid repetitive joint strain where possible
• Treat joint injuries promptly and fully
• Use proper form and equipment during physical activity

Related Conditions

You might also want to learn about:

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Gout
• Bursitis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Osteoarthritis: