Nosebleed

Key Points

Overview

Nosebleeds occur when small blood vessels inside the nose are damaged. They are very common, particularly in children, and typically do not indicate a serious health problem. The inside lining of the nose is delicate and easily injured. Most nosebleeds can be effectively managed at home using simple first-aid techniques. However, some situations require medical attention, such as prolonged bleeding, excessive blood loss, or if other concerning symptoms are present. While often caused by minor irritations like nose picking or dry air, some nosebleeds may stem from deeper inside the nose or be linked to underlying conditions or medications.

Signs and Symptoms

• Bleeding from the nose
• Bleeding lasting over 10-15 minutes (seek help)
• Excessive blood loss (seek help)
• Swallowing blood, causing vomiting (seek help)
• Weakness or dizziness (seek help)
• Difficulty breathing (seek help)
• Bleeding after a head injury (seek help)
• Faster heartbeat (palpitations) with regular nosebleeds
• Shortness of breath with regular nosebleeds
• Pale skin with regular nosebleeds

Things That Increase the Risk

• Nose picking
• Blowing nose too hard
• Dry nasal passages (e.g., from air temperature changes)
• Being a child
• Being an adult over 45 years old
• Pregnancy
• High blood pressure
• Taking blood-thinning medicines (e.g., warfarin)
• Blood clotting disorders (e.g., haemophilia)
• Nose injury or broken nose

Diagnosis

• Physical examination of the nose
• Review of medical history and current medications
• Blood tests for anaemia or clotting disorders (if suspected)
• Assessment of bleeding duration and amount

Treatment & Management

• Sit down and lean forward with head tilted forward
• Pinch nose just above nostrils for 10-15 minutes
• Breathe through your mouth
• Applying an ice pack to the nose (may help)
• Chemical cautery to seal bleeding vessel (by doctor)
• Nasal packing with gauze or sponge (by doctor)
• Prescribed antiseptic cream for nasal lining

Prevention

• Avoid picking your nose
• Avoid blowing your nose too hard
• Keep nasal passages moist (e.g., with saline spray)
• Avoid hot drinks or alcohol for 24 hours after a bleed
• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for 24 hours
• Do not pick any scabs inside the nose
• Avoid lying down flat immediately after a bleed

Related Diseases

• Anaemia
• Haemophilia
• Hypertension
• Von Willebrand Disease
• Nasal Polyps

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Nosebleed:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Nosebleed: