Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Key Points

Overview

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in white blood cells called lymphocytes. These cells are crucial for fighting infections as part of your immune system. When affected, these cells grow abnormally, forming tumors in the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. The exact cause is often unknown, but it involves changes in the DNA of lymphocytes. It is not contagious. Risk factors can include weakened immune systems, certain infections, and exposure to some chemicals. Treatment varies widely depending on the specific type of lymphoma, its stage, and the patient's overall health. Common approaches include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and sometimes stem cell transplants. Early diagnosis is key for effective management.

Signs and Symptoms

• Swollen lymph nodes (painless)
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Itchy skin
• Abdominal pain or swelling

Things That Increase the Risk

• Weakened immune system
• Certain viral infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr, HIV)
• Exposure to some chemicals
• Older age
• Family history of lymphoma

Diagnosis

• Physical exam
• Blood tests
• Biopsy of affected tissue (e.g., lymph node)
• Bone marrow biopsy
• Imaging scans (CT, PET)

Treatment & Management

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Stem cell transplant
• Watchful waiting (for slow-growing types)

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy immune system
• Avoid known chemical exposures
• Manage underlying infections
• Regular medical check-ups
• Early detection through symptom awareness

Related Diseases

• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Multiple Myeloma
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: