Measles

Key Points

Overview

Measles is a very contagious viral infection that spreads easily through coughs and sneezes. It typically begins with symptoms similar to a common cold, such as a high temperature, runny nose, cough, and red eyes. A few days later, a characteristic rash appears, usually starting on the face and behind the ears before spreading across the body. While often mild, measles can lead to serious health issues like pneumonia, meningitis, or blindness, especially in babies, pregnant individuals, or those with weakened immune systems. The best protection against measles is getting vaccinated with the MMR or MMRV vaccine. If you suspect measles, it's crucial to contact a doctor immediately to prevent further spread and manage symptoms. Most people recover within about a week with rest and fluids, but it's important to isolate to protect others.

Signs and Symptoms

• High temperature
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sneezing
• Cough
• Red, sore, watery eyes
• Small white spots inside mouth (Koplik's spots)
• Red or brown blotchy rash, starting on face

Things That Increase the Risk

• Not being vaccinated against measles (MMR/MMRV)
• Close contact with an infected person
• Being a baby or young child
• Being pregnant
• Having a weakened immune system

Diagnosis

• Doctor's assessment of symptoms
• Checking for characteristic rash
• Identifying cold-like symptoms
• Considering vaccination history

Treatment & Management

• Rest and plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
• Paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort
• Gently cleaning eyes with cooled boiled water
• Staying home for at least 4 days after rash appears
• Avoiding close contact with vulnerable individuals

Prevention

• Getting MMR or MMRV vaccine
• Washing hands frequently with soap and water
• Using tissues for coughs and sneezes, then disposing immediately
• Avoiding sharing personal items (cutlery, towels, bedding)
• Opening windows for ventilation

Related Diseases

• Mumps
• Rubella
• Chickenpox
• Pneumonia
• Meningitis