Lyme disease

Key Points

Overview

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It's crucial to identify and treat it early, as prompt care significantly improves outcomes. Initial symptoms often include a distinctive circular rash and flu-like feelings. If left untreated, the infection can progress, leading to more serious problems affecting joints, nerves, and even the heart. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics. Knowing how to prevent tick bites and remove them safely is key to reducing your risk of getting Lyme disease.

Signs and Symptoms

• Circular or oval rash (bullseye)
• Rash appears 1-4 weeks after bite
• Fever, chills, headache
• Muscle and joint pain
• Tiredness, loss of energy
• Later: severe joint pain and swelling
• Later: nerve problems (pain, numbness)
• Later: heart issues
• Later: memory or concentration difficulties

Things That Increase the Risk

• Being bitten by an infected tick
• Spending time in grassy or wooded areas
• Not removing ticks quickly after a bite
• Delaying medical treatment for symptoms

Diagnosis

• Doctor reviews symptoms and tick bite history
• Assessment of any rash
• Blood tests to confirm (less accurate early on)
• Retesting if symptoms persist after negative result

Treatment & Management

• Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor
• Treatment is more effective when started early
• Antibiotic course up to 28 days
• Complete the full course of medication
• Severe cases may require IV antibiotics in hospital
• Specialist referral for persistent symptoms

Prevention

• Avoid tick bites
• Remove ticks quickly and safely
• Cover skin in outdoor areas
• Use insect repellent (DEET recommended)
• Stay on clear paths
• Wear light-colored clothing
• Check body, clothes, and pets for ticks

Related Diseases

• Fibromyalgia
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Multiple Sclerosis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Lyme disease: