Lupus

Key Points

Overview

Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is a long-term autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues. This can lead to inflammation and damage in various parts of the body, including joints, skin, and internal organs like the heart, lungs, and kidneys. The exact causes are not fully understood, but factors like viral infections, certain medications, sunlight exposure, and hormonal changes (puberty, childbirth, menopause) may play a role. It is not contagious. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve symptoms and prevent severe complications. Management often involves medications to control inflammation and suppress the immune system, alongside lifestyle adjustments.

Signs and Symptoms

• Joint and muscle pain
• Extreme, persistent tiredness
• Sun-sensitive rashes (often on face)
• Headaches
• Mouth ulcers
• High temperature
• Hair loss
• Weight loss
• Swollen glands
• Depression and anxiety
• Chest or tummy pain
• Raynaud's phenomenon (finger/toe color changes)

Things That Increase the Risk

• Female gender
• African, Caribbean, Asian, or Chinese background
• Viral infections
• Certain medications
• Sunlight exposure
• Hormonal changes (puberty, childbirth, menopause)

Diagnosis

• Review of symptoms by a doctor
• Blood tests for specific antibodies
• X-rays and scans for organ involvement (e.g., heart, kidneys)
• Regular checks for anaemia and kidney problems

Treatment & Management

• Anti-inflammatory medicines (e.g., ibuprofen)
• Hydroxychloroquine for fatigue, skin, and joint issues
• Steroid tablets, injections, and creams for inflammation
• Immunosuppressant medicines for severe cases
• Biological medicines for severe cases

Prevention

• Use high-factor sunscreen (SPF 50+) and wear hats
• Pace activities to avoid extreme tiredness
• Stay active, even on bad days
• Practice relaxation techniques for stress management
• Maintain a healthy, balanced diet with vitamin D and calcium
• Avoid smoking
• Limit direct sunlight and fluorescent light exposure

Related Diseases

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Sjögren's Syndrome
• Vasculitis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Lupus: