Gout

Key Points

Overview

Gout is a common form of arthritis characterized by sudden, intense attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in one or more joints, most often the big toe. These attacks can be debilitating and usually last for 1 to 2 weeks if left untreated. Without proper management, future attacks may become more frequent and severe, potentially leading to lasting joint damage. The condition is caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood, which can lead to the formation of sharp, needle-like crystals in and around a joint. These crystals trigger an inflammatory response, resulting in the painful symptoms of a gout attack. While the exact cause of high uric acid can vary, it often relates to diet, genetics, and other health conditions. Treatment focuses on relieving pain during an attack and preventing future episodes. This involves specific medications to reduce inflammation and lower uric acid levels, alongside important lifestyle adjustments. Early diagnosis and consistent management are crucial to control symptoms and protect joint health.

Signs and Symptoms

• Sudden severe pain in a joint (big toe, ankle, hand, knee)
• Hot, swollen, red skin over the affected joint
• Pain worsening rapidly
• Joint tenderness, even to light touch
• Fever or feeling sick (urgent symptom)

Things That Increase the Risk

• High levels of uric acid in the blood
• Being overweight or obese
• Regular alcohol consumption
• Family history of gout
• Certain medications (e.g., diuretics)
• Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney problems

Diagnosis

• GP asks about diet and alcohol intake
• Blood test to measure uric acid levels
• Fluid sample from affected joint (if diagnosis is unclear)
• Scans if other tests are inconclusive

Treatment & Management

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain
• Steroid tablets or injections for severe attacks
• Uric acid-lowering medicines for frequent attacks
• Rest and elevate the affected limb
• Apply ice packs to the joint
• Drink plenty of water

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat a balanced diet
• Limit alcohol intake
• Stay well-hydrated
• Exercise regularly (avoid intense joint pressure)
• Avoid sugary drinks and snacks

Related Diseases

• Arthritis
• Kidney Stones
• Osteoarthritis
• High Blood Pressure

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Gout:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Gout: