Common Cold

Key Points

Overview

The common cold is a very frequent, mild viral infection affecting your nose and throat. It's different from the flu, which tends to be more severe, and its symptoms develop gradually rather than suddenly. Colds are caused by various viruses and are highly contagious, easily spreading from person to person through coughs, sneezes, and contaminated surfaces. You can be infectious even before symptoms appear and until they completely resolve. Most common colds can be managed at home with simple self-care measures like rest, fluids, and over-the-counter remedies. A doctor visit is usually not needed unless symptoms are severe, worsen, or last longer than expected.

Signs and Symptoms

• Blocked or runny nose
• Sneezing
• Sore throat
• Hoarse voice
• Cough
• Feeling tired and unwell
• High temperature (fever)
• Aching muscles
• Loss of taste and smell
• Pressure in ears and face

Things That Increase the Risk

• Close contact with infected individuals
• Touching your eyes or nose after contact with the virus
• Weakened immune system
• Being a young child (symptoms may last longer)

Diagnosis

• Based on typical symptoms
• No specific medical tests usually required
• Self-diagnosis is common

Treatment & Management

• Get plenty of rest
• Drink lots of fluids to stay hydrated
• Eat healthy food
• Gargle salt water for sore throat (adults only)
• Drink hot lemon and honey for sore throat (adults only)
• Breathe in steam to ease blocked nose (adults only)
• Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for aches and fever
• Use decongestant nasal sprays or tablets (adults and older children)

Prevention

• Wash hands often with warm water and soap
• Use tissues to cover coughs and sneezes
• Dispose of used tissues immediately
• Avoid sharing towels or personal items
• Avoid touching your eyes or nose
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Related Diseases

• Influenza (Flu)
• Bronchitis
• Sinusitis
• Allergic Rhinitis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Common Cold: