Burns and Scalds

Key Points

Overview

Burns and scalds are injuries to the skin caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity. Burns typically result from dry heat like fire or hot irons, or from chemical and electrical contact. Scalds, on the other hand, are caused by hot liquids or steam. The severity of these injuries can vary greatly. Minor burns and scalds often heal with home care, while more serious ones, especially those that are large, deep, or affect sensitive areas, need professional medical attention. Immediate first aid, such as cooling the affected area, is crucial for all burns and scalds to minimize damage and pain.

Signs and Symptoms

• Pain
• Redness
• Blisters
• Swelling
• Skin damage

Things That Increase the Risk

• Contact with open flames or hot surfaces
• Exposure to hot liquids or steam
• Accidental contact with electricity
• Exposure to corrosive chemicals or acids

Diagnosis

• Visual assessment of the injury
• Evaluation of burn depth and size
• Review of how the burn occurred

Treatment & Management

• Cooling the burn with running water for at least 15 minutes
• Removing clothing and jewelry not stuck to the skin
• Covering the cooled burn with cling film
• Taking over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen
• Hospital care for severe burns (medication, wound cleaning, IV fluids, surgery)
• Applying emollient ointment for itching and dryness during healing

Prevention

• Handle hot liquids and foods with care
• Keep electrical appliances in good repair
• Store chemicals and acids safely away
• Supervise children around heat sources
• Install smoke detectors and have a fire escape plan

Related Diseases

• Skin infection
• Scarring
• Dehydration
• Hypothermia

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Burns and Scalds:

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Burns and Scalds: